Quick answer: use IntuneManagementExtension.log to establish check-in and policy flow, AppWorkload.log and AppActionProcessor.log for Win32 app processing, AgentExecutor.log for PowerShell execution, and the health logs when the agent itself is the suspect.

Capture context before searching

Write down the device, user, UTC time window, application or script identifier, assignment intent, and the status shown in Intune. Without a narrow time window, a normal detection cycle can be mistaken for the failed attempt. Preserve the original logs before forcing another sync.

The default client location is:

C:\ProgramData\Microsoft\IntuneManagementExtension\Logs

Use the log map

QuestionPrimary logEvidence to find
Did IME check in and receive work?IntuneManagementExtension.logService startup, check-in, policy requests, processing cycle, reporting
Why did a Win32 app evaluate or act?AppWorkload.logAssignment, applicability, content and app workflow
What did detection or applicability decide?AppActionProcessor.logDetection results, requirement evaluation, intended action
What happened to an Intune PowerShell script?AgentExecutor.logExecution context, command launch, output and exit behavior
Is the extension unhealthy?ClientHealth.log and ClientCertCheck.logAgent health actions and certificate checks

Follow one correlation through the cycle

  1. Locate the relevant check-in in the main IME log.
  2. Confirm that the intended policy or application is present in the received workload.
  3. Capture the app, policy, or script identifier used by the client—not only its portal display name.
  4. Move to the workload-specific log and search the same identifier and time window.
  5. Record requirement, detection, download, install or execution, post-detection, and reporting as separate stages.

This sequence prevents a common mistake: treating an installation exit code as the entire case when the app was never applicable, never downloaded, or was detected as already installed.

Interpret Win32 app results in order

For a Win32 application, test the chain in the same order the client needs it. First prove assignment and applicability. Then prove content acquisition. Next prove the installer launched in the expected context and returned a defined exit code. Finally prove the post-install detection rule agreed with the installer.

Scripts need execution-context evidence

When a script succeeds interactively but fails through Intune, compare context before changing the script: system versus user, 32-bit versus 64-bit host, working directory, environment, network access, certificate store, and whether the script assumes an interactive profile. Capture standard output and error carefully; do not write secrets into logs.

Verify instead of repeatedly syncing

A manual sync can help reproduce a known condition, but repeated syncs add overlapping log cycles and may hide the original sequence. After a targeted correction, verify one clean cycle: assignment received, item evaluated, action completed, detection passed, and status reported.

Authoritative sources